Influence of vehicular emissions on the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban and industrial areas of La Plata, Argentina.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered potentially toxic, even carcinogenic, because of their affection to public health and the environment. It is necessary to know their ambient levels and the origin of these pollutants in order to mitigate them. A concerning scenario is the one in which commercial/administrative, industrial, and residential activities coexist. In this context, Gran La Plata (Argentina) presents such characteristics, in addition to the presence of one of the most important petrochemical complexes in the country and intense vehicular traffic. The source apportionment of PAH emission in the region, associated to 10-µm and 2.5-µm particulate matter fractions, was studied. First, different missing value imputation methods were evaluated for PAH databases. GSimp presented a better performance, with mean concentrations of ∑PAHs of 65.8 ± 40.2 ng m-3 in PM10 and 39.5 ± 18.0 ng m-3 in PM2.5. For both fractions, it was found that the highest contribution was associated with low molecular weight PAHs (3 rings), with higher concentrations of anthracene. Emission sources were identified by using principal component analysis (PCA) together with multiple linear regression (MLR) and diagnostic ratios of PAHs. The results showed that the main emission source is associated with vehicular traffic in both fractions. Classification by discriminant analysis showed that emissions can be identified by region and that fluoranthene, benzo(a)anthracene, and anthracene in PM10 and anthracene and phenanthrene in PM2.5 are a characteristic of emissions from the petrochemical complex.

Human health risk associated to particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels and their relation with preponderant sources in Gran La Plata, Argentina.

Levels of suspended particulate matter (PM) of both fractions PM10 and PM2.5 in ambient air were monitored in three areas of Gran La Plata: industrial, urban, and residential (2017-2019). Associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) to PM were also determined and possible emission sources were identified. Assessment of health risk to PM exposure and associated compounds was realized. Results showed a decrease in levels of PM10 in each area along the period studied, especially in the industrial area. Decreases in PM2.5 levels were also observed in urban and residential areas over the years, although the trend is not as marked as with PM10 levels. Then, PM2.5 levels in the industrial area have remained practically constant. The 89% of both PM10 and PM2.5 annual mean exceeds the WHO reference values. The presence of most of the 16 US EPA priority PAHs studied was found with a detection frequency greater than 60% and it was possible to identify the importance of the contributions of vehicular emissions as predominant sources of PAH emission. From the calculations of the risk of contracting cancer throughout life (LCR), in the case of adults, the US EPA limits were not complied in the industrial and urban areas and in both fractions of PM. From the evaluation of the burden of disease (EBD), the calculated relative risks of mortality were very similar for the studied districts, being the relative risk in La Plata slightly lower, about 3-5%, than those in Berisso and Ensenada.

Revision and phylogeny of the genus Andocaeculus (Acari: Caeculidae) I: the A. weyrauchi species group.

Two new caeculid mite species, Andocaeculus beatrizrosso sp. nov. and Andocaeculus burmeisteri sp. nov., are described and A. weyrauchi (Franz, 1964) is redescribed based on material collected at the type locality. All post-larval stages are described for A. weyrauchi and Andocaeculus beatrizrosso sp. nov. and stochastic variation in the idiosomal and appendages chaetotaxy is considered. A clade of Andocaeculus containing the three species (the A. weyrauchi group) is established based on morphological characters, and confirmed with a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of sequences from the CO1 marker. As result of the same analysis, the absence of the (st) pair of setae on leg II is proposed as a derived condition for the genus Andocaeculus, and the presence of the φ solenidion on leg IV is a derived condition for some Andocaeculus species of the A. weyrauchi species group.

The first fossil pycnocheiridiine pseudoscorpion (Pseudoscorpiones: Cheiridiidae: Procheiridium gen. nov.) from Cretaceous Burmese amber.

Procheiridium judsoni n. gen. et n. sp. is described from Burmese cretaceous amber. This species represents the earliest record of the pseudoscorpion subfamily Pycnocheiridiinae and the first fossil taxon of the subfamily to be recorded. The phylogenetic position of the new genus in the superfamily Cheiridioidea is discussed.

Contribution of calcium in drinking water from a South American country to dietary calcium intake.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the calcium concentration of tap and bottled waters from Argentina and to estimate the contribution of drinking water to calcium recommendations. RESULTS: Calcium concentrations provided by water authorities ranged from 6 to 105 mg/L. The mean calcium level of samples analysed at the Laboratorio de Ingeniería Sanitaria, National University of La Plata was 15.8 (SD ± 13.2) mg/L and at the Bone Biology Laboratory of the National University of Rosario was 13.1 (± 10.0) mg/L. Calcium values of samples from supply systems and private wells was similar. Most bottled waters had calcium levels well below 50 mg/L. The intake of one litre of drinking water from Argentina could represent in average between 1.2 and 8.0% of the calcium daily values for an adult.

The first record of caeculid mites from the Cretaceous amber of Myanmar with notes on the phylogeny of the family.

Procaeculus coineaui sp. nov. from Cretaceous Burmese amber is described and its phylogenetic position discussed. This fossil taxon is the first caeculid mite known from Burmese amber and constitutes the earliest record of the family. The genus Procaeculus is redefined to include the new fossil species and internal relationships between genera of the family are discussed based on a phylogenetic hypothesis.

Biodiversity and threats in non-protected areas: A multidisciplinary and multi-taxa approach focused on the Atlantic Forest.

Along many decades, protected environments were targeted by the scientific community for ecological research and for the collection of scientific information related to environmental aspects and biodiversity. However, most of the territory in hotspot regions with weak or even non legal protection has been left aside. These non-protected areas (NPA) could host high biodiversity values. This paper addresses how scientific effort on a NPA (CIAR) of 700 ha from the Atlantic Rain Forest, generates new information and tools for large-scale environmental and biodiversity management in NPAs. Information published during the last decade was summarized and complemented with subsequent novel data about biodiversity (new species, first records, DNA and chemical analyses, etc.). The results showed: 1 new genus (arachnid), 6 new species and several putative new species (fish and arthropod), 6 vulnerable species (bird and mammal) and 36 first records for Argentina (fish, arthropod, platyhelminth and fungi). When compared with protected natural areas of the same biome, the CIAR showed highly valuable aspects for fauna and environment conservation, positioning this NPA as a worldwide hotspot for some taxa. Indeed, when compared to international hotspots in a coordinated Malaise trap program, the CIAR showed 8,651 different barcode index numbers (∼species) of arthropods, 80% of which had not been previously barcoded. Molecules like Inoscavin A, with antifungal activity against phytopathogens, was isolated for the first time in Phellinus merrillii fungi. The study of major threats derived from anthropic activities measured 20 trace elements, 18 pesticides (i.e. endosulfans, chlorpyrifos, DDTs, HCHs) and 27 pharmaceuticals and drugs (i.e. benzoylecgonine and norfluoxetine) in different biotic and abiotic matrices (water, sediment, fish and air biomonitors). This integrated data analysis shows that biodiversity research in NPA is being undervalued and how multidisciplinary and multi-taxa surveys creates a new arena for research and a pathway towards sustainable development in emerging countries with biodiversity hotspots.

Characterization and cancer risk assessment of VOCs in home and school environments in gran La Plata, Argentina.

Three areas are highlighted in Gran La Plata, Argentina: industrial, urban, and residential. In this work, the levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor air of homes and schools in those areas were analyzed, through the use of passive monitors. The study period is between 2007 and 2010. Higher levels of VOCs were found in homes and schools in the industrial zone, higher than the levels corresponding to urban and residential. Taking into account the relationship between indoor and outdoor levels of VOCs, they have ratios (I/O) between 1.5 and 10 are evidenced contributions of emission sources of VOCs both indoor and outdoor. Complementarily, we estimated the life time cancer risk (LCR) for benzene, styrene, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene in children who spend their time mostly in such indoor environments. The results show high LCR values for benzene, which exceed acceptable values for the US EPA.

Evaluación del impacto antrópico sobre la calidad del agua del arroyo Las Piedras, Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina / Assessment of anthropogenic impact on water quality of the stream Las Piedras, Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina / Avaliação do impacto antropogénico na qualidade da água do riacho Las Piedras, Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina

El marcado deterioro de los cuerpos de agua superficiales hace prioritaria su evaluación para su adecuada gestión, incluyendo acciones de control y mitigación del nivel de contaminación y el riesgo sanitario asociado. Si bien cada curso de agua posee características y problemáticas naturales y ambientales específicas, los arroyos situados sobre el conurbano bonaerense comparten algunas características comunes que se presentan en este estudio. A tal efecto, se plantea determinar y evaluar los factores antrópicos que afectan directa o indirectamente la calidad del agua del arroyo Las Piedras en el partido de Quilmes, mediante la caracterización físico-química y microbiológica de sus aguas, además de la aplicación de índices de calidad (ICA) y de contaminación (ICOMO). Mediante el uso de estas herramientas se manifestó un potencial y grave problema de degradación del arroyo y su entorno, debido principalmente a la carencia de servicios de saneamiento, al vertido de aguas residuales sin tratamiento previo o inadecuado que generan especialmente contaminación fecal de sus aguas, y a basurales y quemazones en sus márgenes, creando así sitios puntuales de contaminación y diseminación de plagas, potenciales focos infecciosos.

The strong deterioration of surface water makes its assessment priority for proper management, including actions to control and mitigate the level of contamination and associated health risks. While each watercourse has natural characteristics and specific environmental issues, streams located on the Buenos Aires metropolitan area share some common characteristics presented in this study. To this end it is proposed to determine and evaluate the human factors that directly or indirectly affect the water quality of the river Las Piedras in Quilmes, by physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of the water in addition to the application of quality indices (ICA) and pollution (ICOMO). By using these tools a potential and serious problem degradation of the stream and its surroundings appeared, mainly due to lack of sanitation, the discharge of wastewater without prior or inadequate treatment especially generating fecal contamination of the water, and garbage dumps and burnings at its margins, creating specific sites of contamination and spread of pests, potential infectious foci.

A acentuada deterioração dos corpos de água superficiais torna prioritária sua avaliação para uma gestão adequada, incluindo ações para controlar e mitigar o nível de contaminação e o risco sanitário associado. Embora cada curso de água tenha características e problemáticas naturais e ambientais específicas, arroios localizados na área metropolitana da província de Buenos Aires compartilham algumas características comuns apresentadas neste trabalho. Para tal, propõe-se determinar e avaliar os fatores antrópicos que afetam direta ou indiretamente a qualidade da água do arroio Las Piedras, em Quilmes, através da caracterização físico-química e microbiológica das suas águas, além da aplicação de índices de qualidade (ICA) e de contaminação (ICOMO). Com a utilização destas ferramentas, um potencial e grave problema de degradação do arroio e de seu ambiente surgiu, principalmente causado pela falta de serviços de saneamento, pela descarga de águas residuais sem tratamento prévio ou inadequado, gerando especialmente contaminação fecal de suas águas, e pelos depósitos de lixo e queimadas em suas margens, criando assim lugares específicos de contaminação e disseminação de pragas, potenciais focos infecciosos.

Expresión del síndrome metabólico frente a factores ambientales / Expression of metabolic syndrome against environmental factors / Expressão da síndrome metabólica frente a fatores ambientais

El Síndrome Metabólico (SM) se define como la asociación de alteraciones metabólicas e inflamatorias a nivel molecular, celular o hemodinámico, que pueden presentarse en forma simultánea o secuencial en un mismo individuo. Esto imprime un mayor riesgo de desarrollar diabetes y enfermedades cardiovasculares, teniendo como base la resistencia insulínica. Su diagnóstico se presenta cuando existe obesidad abdominal y dos o más componentes adicionales: triglicéridos elevados, lipoproteína de alta densidad (HDL) baja, alteración en la regulación de la glucemia y presión arterial alta. En este contexto, y dada su relación con los factores ambientales, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la relación del SM en poblaciones expuestas a diferentes niveles de contaminación atmosférica, determinando dicha asociación mediante las respuestas obtenidas de una encuesta socioeconómica, de antecedentes de salud, y contrastándolas con análisis sanguíneos. Finalmente, los resultados obtenidos evidencian intercurrencias entre el grado de contaminación atmosférica y el SM.

The metabolic syndrome (MS) is defined as the association of metabolic disorders and inflammatory diseases at molecular, cellular or hemodynamic levels, which may occur simultaneously or sequentially in the same individual. This adds an increased risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease, based on insulin resistance. MS diagnosis is made when there are two or more additional components and abdominal obesity: elevated triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL) low, altered regulation of blood glucose and high blood pressure. In this context, and given its relationship with environmental factors, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of MS in populations exposed to different levels of air pollution,determining the association with the responses obtained from a socio-economic survey and health history, and contrasting them with a blood test. Finally, the results show intercurrences between the degree of air pollution and SM.

A síndrome metabólica (SM) é definida como a associação de alterações metabólicas e inflamatórias em nível molecular, celular ou hemodinâmico, que podem ocorrer em forma simultânea ou sequencial num mesmo indivíduo. Isto adiciona um maior risco de desenvolver diabetes e doenças cardiovasculares, tendo como base a resistência à insulina. Seu diagnóstico ocorre quando há obesidade abdominal e dois ou mais componentes adicionais: aumento dos triglicerídeos, lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL) baixa, alteração na regulação da glicemia e pressão arterial elevada. Neste contexto, e devido a sua relação com os fatores ambientais, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a relação da SM em populações expostas a diferentes níveis de poluição do ar, determinando tal associação através das respostas obtidasa em um levantamento socioeconômico, histórico de saúde e em contraste com análises de sangue. Por fim, os resultados mostram intercorrências entre o grau de poluição do ar e a SM.

Gaps between calcium recommendations to prevent pre-eclampsia and current intakes in one hospital in Argentina.

BACKGROUND: Hypertensive disorders are a major cause of maternal mortality. In Latin America and the Caribbean, pre-eclampsia accounts for approximately one in every four maternal deaths. The World Health Organization recommends calcium supplementation during pregnancy for the prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in locations where dietary calcium intake is low. Calcium intake in Argentina is reported to be below WHO recommended levels; however, calcium intake from supplements and water has not been fully evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate calcium intake from supplements and water in a group of pregnant women. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a maternity hospital in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Questionnaires were verbally administered to women attending a routine antenatal care visit. Participants were 18 years of age or older and in their third trimester of pregnancy. Participants were first interviewed to evaluate nutritional supplement consumption and a subgroup was invited to undergo a 24-hour dietary recall. RESULTS: 137 women meeting inclusion criteria consented to participate. The average participant age was 27 years (SD±5.9), and all resided in an urban setting. None of the subjects took calcium supplements specifically, although 24 (17%) recalled taking supplements or antacids which contributed to their calcium intake. Mean calcium intake was 663 mg SD±389 for those women completing the 24-hour dietary recall,. This value increased to 706 mg SD±387 upon considering water intake and measuring chemical composition of water from the areas where women lived at the time of the interview and was further increased to 719 mg (SD±392) when calcium from supplements was taken into consideration. CONCLUSIONS: None of the subjects were consuming calcium supplements. Taking into account the low calcium intake in this population, diverse strategies would be required to comply with recommendations.

A method for computing the damage level due to the exposure to an airborne chemical with a time-varying concentration.

The calculation of damage level due to the exposure to a toxic cloud is usually not included in most popular software, or it is included using techniques that do not take into account the variation in concentration over a period of time. In this work, a method is introduced for calculating the temporal evolution of the potential damage level and to obtain a more precise and descriptive estimation of this level. The proposed goal is: to estimate the maximum and minimum damage level experienced by a population due to the exposure to an airborne chemical with a time-varying concentration; to be able to assess the damage level experienced in a progressive way, as the exposure to the airborne chemical occurs. The method relies on transformations of time-concentration pairs on a continuum of damage level curves based on the available guideline levels, obtaining maximum and minimum approximations of the expected damage level for any exposure duration. Consequently, applying this method to transport model output data and demographic information, damage evolution in relation to time and space can be predicted, as well as its effect on the local population, which enables the determination of threat zones. The comparison between the proposed method and the current (Spanish and ALOHA) ones showed that the former can offer a more precise estimation and a more descriptive approach of the potential damage level. This method can be used by atmospheric dispersion models to compute damage level and graphically display the regions exposed to each guideline level on area maps.

Indoor-outdoor distribution and risk assessment of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of industrial and urban areas.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which play an important part indoors and outdoors, comprise differing compound groups such as n-alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons and terpenes. In the current study, samples were analyzed from indoor (schools and houses, n = 92) and outdoor (n = 33) air in urban, industrial, semirural and residential areas from the region of La Plata (Argentine) to consider VOC exposure in different types of environments. VOCs were sampled for 1 month during winter for 3 years, with passive 3M monitors. Samples were extracted with CS(2) and analyzed by GC/MS detectors. The results show significant differences in concentration and distribution between indoor and outdoor samples, depending on the study area. Most VOCs predominantly originated indoors in urban, semirural and residential areas, whereas an important outdoor influence in the industrial area was observed. In all areas alkanes and aromatic compounds dominated, even though a different chemical distribution was seen. Traffic burden was determined as the major source of outdoor VOC with a benzene/toluene ratio close to 0.5. Indoors, C9-C11 alkanes, toluene and xylenes dominated, caused by human activities. In contrast, in the industrial area higher concentrations of hexane, heptane and benzene occurred outdoors and affected the indoor air significantly. The lifetime cancer risk (LCR) associated to the benzene exposure was calculated for children from the different study areas. For all groups the study showed a LCR value greater than 1 x 10(-6) related to the benzene exposure indoors as well outdoors. A value two magnitudes higher was detected indoors in the industrial area, what demonstrates the high risk for children living in this area of La Plata.

Increased asthma and respiratory symptoms in children exposed to petrochemical pollution.

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies show statistical associations between levels of air pollutants and respiratory outcomes. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the effects of exposure to petrochemical pollution on the respiratory health of children. METHODS: Children aged 6 to 12 years living close to the petrochemical plants in La Plata, Argentina (n = 282), were compared with those living in a region with exposure to heavy traffic (n = 270) or in 2 relatively nonpolluted areas (n = 639). Parents answered a validated questionnaire providing health and demographic data. A random sample (n = 181) had lung function measured. Particulate matter and outdoor and indoor volatile organic compound levels were measured during 4-week study periods and reported as overall means for each study area. RESULTS: Children living near the petrochemical plant had more asthma (24.8% vs 10.1% to 11.5%), more asthma exacerbations (6.7 vs 2.9-3.6 per year), more respiratory symptoms (current wheeze, dyspnea, nocturnal cough, and rhinitis), and lower lung function (>13% decrease in FEV(1) percent predicted) than those living in other regions. Length of residence in the area was a significant risk factor, but age, sex, body mass index, proximity to busy roads and other nonpetrochemical industries, length of breast-feeding, and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of children or their families were not. CONCLUSION: Exposure to particulate matter and volatile organic compounds arising from petrochemical plants but not from high traffic density was associated ith worse respiratory health in children.

Contaminación del aire en La Plata y alrededores: Factores de riesgo y patologías respiratorias en niños / La Plata's air pollution: Risk factors and respiratory pathologies in children

Mediante un proyecto de investigación desarrollado por profesionales del Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente, la Facultad de Trabajo Social, ambos de la UNLP, y el Hospital de Niños de La Plata se estudian los efectos de la contaminación ambiental sobre la salud infantil. A tal efecto, se aplican metodologías epidemiológicas(encuestas según criterios ISAAC, analizadas por Epi-info), la determinación de volúmenes respiratorios en niños de 6-10años y la cuantificación de compuestos volátiles orgánicos (COVs) en el aire intramuros y extramuros, sobre la base de una caracterización previa química, mutagénica y citotóxica del aire ambiente realizada en la zona, por profesionales participantes. El estudio se realiza en niños residentes en el Polo Petroquímico de Ensenada, en la ciudad de La Plata (alto tránsito) y en zonas con bajos niveles de COVs extramuros: una residencial y otra semi-rural. En esta etapa fueron completadas, cargadasy analizadas 1102 encuestas. Se realizaron 130 espirometrías y se determinaron niveles de COVs, intramuros y extramuros, mediante monitoreadores pasivos. El análisis estadístico preliminar evidencia correlaciones (Odds Ratio >1) entre exposición a contaminantes y diversaspatologías: cercanía a industria petroquímica con patologías de tipo respiratorio; vivir sobre una calle de tránsito intenso con cefalea, alergia y fotosensibilidad; ambientes interiores contaminados con tos persistente y rinitis. El análisis espirométricoseñala que los niños de Ensenada presentaron mayor respuesta broncodilatadora que los de las zonas restantes. Los niveles de COVs obtenidos coinciden con los hallados en estudios anteriores en cuanto a sus valores y las tendencias observadas.Así, la concentración de COVs totales en aire extramuros, es superior en Mosconi, siguiendo La Plata; las zonas residencial y semi-rural presentan valores menores y similares entre sí.

Evaluation of a biomarker of Cd(II) exposure on Limnoperna fortunei.

The use of organisms to monitor contamination allows the access to information that cannot be acquired by chemical methods. Limnoperna fortunei, mussel frequently found in Río de la Plata estuary, fulfils the requirements to be used as a biomonitoring organism. In this work we report that a polypeptide of 22 kDa of molecular weight (LF22) is induced when L. fortunei is exposed to Cd (II), Cu(II) and Hg(II) sublethal levels. To characterize LF22, mussels were sampled from a non-polluted region and whole soft tissue was homogenized, with and without previous exposure to 100 microg/L of Cd(II). The cytosolic proteins were evaluated by mono and bidimensional SDS-PAGE, and size exclusion chromatography. All the methods showed that LF22 triples its concentration in presence of Cd(II). Purification of LF22 was achieved by fractioned precipitation, salting-out, ionic exchange and size exclusion chromatography. We conclude that LF22 is a useful biomarker of heavy metal exposure.

Disrupción endocrina: perpectivas ambientales y salud pública / Endocrine disruption: environmental perpectivas and public health

Los casos crecientes de disfunciones del aparato reproductivo, tales como disminicuón del recuento y la funcionalidad espermática, pubertad precoz en niños y niñas, aumento en la aparición de cáncer de mamas, próstata y testículos y de malformacónes asociadas con problemas hormonales genera cierta inquietud generalizada. Concomitantemente, se observan casos de alteraciones en la función reproductiva de una creciente cantidad de especies animales, por exposicion a sustancias químicas persistentes, como pesticidas, detergentes, dioxinas y furanos. Como respuesta, en las últimas décadas se ha promovido una intensa actividad de investigación para caracterizar a estos compuestos en función de su capacidad de alteración de la homeostasis del sistema endocrino-reproductivo, asignándoles el nombre de disruptores endocrinos. Entre los compuestos disruptores reconocidos, se pueden citar fitoestrógenos, pesticidas organoclorados, alquifenoles-polietoxilados, clorofenoles bifenilos policlorados, ftalatos, estógenos artificiales, dioxinas, furanos y algunos hidrocarburos policíclicos aromáticos, es decir, compuestos que se encuentran presentes en la vida cotidiana. Esta situación comporta un replanteo de los sitemas de regulación y control para las aproximadamente 50.000 nuevas sustancias químicas, muchas de ellas con la capacidad potencial de disrupción. Esto incluye nuevos tests toxicológicos y nuevos objetivos de investigación, replantear la metodología de evaluación de los compuestos químicos y la re-evaluación de los existentes, utilizando como criterio central la estimación de riesgo. A tal efecto, se plantean como ejes centrales: la articulación de una red internacional, con su consecuente base de datos global, el desarrollo y validación de nuevos ensayos biológicos para la detección de compuestos disruptores, y aunar criterios para la caracterización de riesgos y peligro asociado, sobre la base de estudios epidemiológicos.

Expresión de biomarcadores de contaminación ambiental en organismos acuáticos bonaerenses / Biomarkers of contamination in coastal aquatic organisms of Río de La Plata (Argentina)

El desarrollo y aplicación de herramientas bioanalíticas en el diagnóstico ambiental ha cobrado un importante auge en la última década. De éstas, el grupo constituido por el conjunto de modificaciones a nivel celular y molecular que indican la presencia de contaminantes, ha recibido la denominación de "biomarcadores de contaminación". Estos se caracterizan por indicar en organismos centinelas la presencia subletal de xenobióticos de forma temprana. Entre los biomarcadores se destaca el estudio de la expresión de proteínas citosólicas como las metalotioneínas (o fitoquelatinas cuando de plantas se trata), y las proteínas de estrés ("Stress Proteins"), constituyendo ambos grupos descripciones complementarias, refiriendo sólo el primero respuesta específica a la exposición a metales. En esta presentación se exponen los resultados obtenidos en el desarrollo y optimización de biomarcadores en organismos representativos de la biota presente en la franja costera sur del Río de La Plata como Corbicula fluminea y Limnoperna fortunei (malacofauna regional) y Schoenoplectus californicus, Pistia stratiotes y Sagitaria montevidensis, plantas acuáticas de gran ubicuidad en la zona. Particularmente se analizan las cinéticas de captación de metales por parte de dichos organismos y su correlación con la expresión de proteínas citosólicas. La concentración de metales se determina por absorción atómica, mientras que el análisis de los perfiles proteicos se realiza mediante electroforesis SDS-PAGE (Tris-tricina)

Expresión de biomarcadores de contaminación ambiental en organismos acuáticos bonaerenses / Biomarkers of contamination in coastal aquatic organisms of Río de La Plata (Argentina)

El desarrollo y aplicación de herramientas bioanalíticas en el diagnóstico ambiental ha cobrado un importante auge en la última década. De éstas, el grupo constituido por el conjunto de modificaciones a nivel celular y molecular que indican la presencia de contaminantes, ha recibido la denominación de "biomarcadores de contaminación". Estos se caracterizan por indicar en organismos centinelas la presencia subletal de xenobióticos de forma temprana. Entre los biomarcadores se destaca el estudio de la expresión de proteínas citosólicas como las metalotioneínas (o fitoquelatinas cuando de plantas se trata), y las proteínas de estrés ("Stress Proteins"), constituyendo ambos grupos descripciones complementarias, refiriendo sólo el primero respuesta específica a la exposición a metales. En esta presentación se exponen los resultados obtenidos en el desarrollo y optimización de biomarcadores en organismos representativos de la biota presente en la franja costera sur del Río de La Plata como Corbicula fluminea y Limnoperna fortunei (malacofauna regional) y Schoenoplectus californicus, Pistia stratiotes y Sagitaria montevidensis, plantas acuáticas de gran ubicuidad en la zona. Particularmente se analizan las cinéticas de captación de metales por parte de dichos organismos y su correlación con la expresión de proteínas citosólicas. La concentración de metales se determina por absorción atómica, mientras que el análisis de los perfiles proteicos se realiza mediante electroforesis SDS-PAGE (Tris-tricina) (AU)

Aplicación de biomarcadores de exposición a metales pesados en diagnósticos de calidad de aguas superficiales

En este artículo se realiza un balance del grado de desarrollo que presenta en la actualidad esta metodología y se exponen algunos resultados obtenidos en la aplicación de biomarcadores organismos características de la franja costera del Río de la Plata, se trata de moluscos bivalvos o bien de plantas acuáticas como Schoenoplectus californicus, Pistia stratiotes y Sagitaria montevidensis